Against Celsus, Book I · §13 · Origen of Alexandria

Foolishness to this age

Celsus has set down, as something said by many Christians, “Wisdom in this life is an evil thing, and foolishness a good one.” We must reply that he slanders our teaching, for he did not set out the actual words found in Paul, which run thus: “If anyone among you thinks he is wise, let him become foolish in this age, so that he may become wise. For the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God” (1 Corinthians 3:18–19). So the apostle does not say simply, “Wisdom is foolishness with God,” but “the wisdom of this world”; and again he does not say without qualification, “If anyone among you thinks he is wise, let him become foolish,” but “let him become foolish in this age, so that he may become wise.” By “the wisdom of this age,” then, we mean every philosophy that holds false opinions, which according to the Scriptures is being brought to nothing (1 Corinthians 2:6); and we call foolishness good not absolutely, but when someone becomes “foolish” to this age.

It is as if we were to say that the Platonist too, who believes in the immortality of the soul and in what is said of it concerning its passing into other bodies, has taken up foolishness in the eyes of the Stoics, who mock assent to these things; in the eyes of the Peripatetics, who keep talking of Plato’s “twitterings” (Aristotle, Posterior Analytics 1.22, 83a33); and in the eyes of the Epicureans, who charge with superstition those who bring in providence and set God over the universe.

Further, that even in the judgement of the Word it is far better to assent to doctrines with reason and wisdom than with bare faith, and that the Word willed this also because circumstances required it, so as not to leave human beings wholly without help, is shown by Paul, the true disciple of Jesus, when he says: “For since, in the wisdom of God, the world did not know God through wisdom, it pleased God through the foolishness of the preaching to save those who believe” (1 Corinthians 1:21). These words clearly show that God ought to have been known in the wisdom of God; and since this did not happen so, God was pleased, as a second course, to save those who believe, not through foolishness without qualification, but through foolishness so far as the preaching goes. For Jesus Christ crucified, when he is preached, is at first sight the foolishness of the preaching; as Paul too, who was aware of this, says in the passage: “But we preach Jesus Christ crucified, to Jews a stumbling block and to Gentiles foolishness, but to those who are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God” (1 Corinthians 1:23–24).

Greek

Ἐπεὶ δ᾿ ὁ Κέλσος ἔθηκεν ὡς λεγόμενον ὑπὸ πολλῶν Χριστιανῶν „κακὸν μέν γε ἡ ἐν τῷ βίῳ σοφία ἀγαθὸν δ᾿ ἡ μωρία“. λεκτέον ὅτι συκοφαντεῖ τὸν λόγον. μὴ ἐκθέμενος αὐτὴν τὴν παρὰ τῷ Παύλῳ κειμένην λέξιν οὕτως ἔχουσαν· „εἴ τις δοκεῖ σοφὸς εἶναι ἐν ὑμῖν, ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ μωρὸς γενέσθω. ἵνα γένηται σοφός· ἡ γὰρ σοφία τοῦ κόσμου τούτου μωρία παρὰ θεῷ ἐστιν.“ οὐκοῦν ὁ μὲν ἀπόστολός φησιν οὐχ ἁπλῶς· „ἡ σοφία μωρία παρὰ θεῷ ἐστιν.“ ἀλλ᾿ „ἡ σοφία τοῦ κόσμου τούτου.“ καὶ πάλιν οὐκ „εἴ τις δοκεῖ σοφὸς εἶναι ἐν ὑμῖν“ ἁπαξαπλῶς „μωρὸς γενέσθω,“ ἀλλ᾿ „ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ μωρὸς γενέσθω, ἵνα γένηται σοφός.“ „σοφίαν“ οὖν „τούτου τοῦ αἰῶνος“ λέγομεν τὴν κατὰ τὰς γραφὰς καταργουμένην πᾶσαν ψευδοδοξοῦσαν φιλοσοφίαν· καὶ μωρίαν λέγομεν ἀγαθὸν οὐκ ἀπολελυμένως, ἀλλ᾿ ὅτε τις τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ γίνεται „μωρός“· ὡς εἰ λέγοιμεν καὶ τὸν Πλατωνικὸν, πιστεύοντα τῇ ἀθανασίᾳ τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ τοῖς περὶ αὐτῆς λεγομένοις περὶ μετενσωματώσεως, μωρίαν ἀνειληφέναι ὡς πρὸς τοὺς Στωϊκοὺς διασύροντας τὴν τούτων συγκατάθεσιν, καὶ ὡς πρὸς Περιπατητικοὺς θρυλοῦντας τὰ Πλάτωνος „τερετίσματα,“ καὶ ὡς πρὸς Ἐπικουρείους δεισιδαιμονίαν ἐγκαλοῦντας τοῖς εἰσάγουσι πρόνοιαν καὶ θεὸν ἐφιστᾶσι τοῖς ὅλοις. ἔτι δὲ ὅτι καὶ κατὰ τὸ τῷ λόγῳ ἀρέσκον πολλῷ διαφέρει μετὰ λόγου καὶ σοφίας συγκατατίθεσθαι τοῖς δόγμασιν ἤπερ μετὰ ψιλῆς τῆς πίστεως, καὶ ὅτι κατὰ περίστασιν καὶ τοῦτ᾿ ἐβουλήθη ὁ λόγος, ἵνα μὴ πάντῃ ἀνωφελεῖς ἐάσῃ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, δηλοῖ ὁ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ γνήσιος μαθητὴς Παῦλος εἰπών· „ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐν τῇ σοφίᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ οὐκ ἔγνω ὁ κόσμος διὰ τῆς σοφίας τὸν θεὸν, εὐδόκησεν ὁ θεὸς διὰ τῆς μωρίας τοῦ κηρύγματος σῶσαι τοὺς πιστεύοντας.“ σαφῶς οὖν διὰ τούτων δηλοῦται ὅτι ἐν τῇ σοφίᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐχρῆν γινώσκεσθαι τὸν θεόν. καὶ ἐπεὶ μὴ τοῦτο γεγένηται οὕτως, δεύτερον εὐδόκησεν ὁ θεὸς σῶσαι τοὺς πιστεύοντας οὐχ ἁπαξαπλῶς διὰ μωρίας ἀλλὰ διὰ μωρίας ὅσον ἐπὶ κηρύγματι. αὐτόθεν γὰρ κηρυσσόμενος Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς ἐσταυρωμένος μωρία ἐστὶ κηρύγματος· ὡς καὶ ὁ συναισθόμενος αὐτοῦ λέγει Παῦλος ἐν τῷ· „ἡμεῖς δὲ κηρύσσομεν Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἐσταυρωμένον, Ἰουδαίος μὲν σκάνδαλον ἔθνεσι δὲ μωρίαν, αὐτοῖς δὲ τοῖς κλητοῖς, Ἰουδαίοις τε καὶ Ἕλλησι, Χριστὸν θεοῦ δύναμιν καὶ θεοῦ σοφίαν.“

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About this text

Origen answers Celsus’s opening charges: that Christians meet in secret against the law, that their teaching is barbarian and borrowed, and that they ask for faith without reasons. He then answers the Jew whom Celsus sets against Jesus, meeting the slander about Jesus’ birth and the charge of magic with the prophecies of the virgin, of Bethlehem and of the suffering Servant, and with the lives Jesus changed.

Base text: Paul Koetschau's edition, GCS 2–3 (Leipzig, 1899), read in the Perseus Digital Library digital text. The English is translated from that Greek, chapter by chapter, and each chapter was then checked clause by clause against the Greek. Koetschau's supplements are followed.

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Translated from Koetschau GCS 2 – 3 (1899) — Greek, Perseus digital text (Greek · Book I, chapters 1 – 71)

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