Second objection: the will, not grace, would distinguish believers from unbelievers
Scripture also teaches that it is God's grace that sets people apart from one another: those who are converted from those who are not, believers from unbelievers, those who obey God's call from those who resist it. As Paul says, 'Who makes you different?'
The doctrine we are now examining, however, implies that the difference between people is made not by God's grace but simply by the human will. It assumes that when equal grace is offered to several people, one believes and another does not, one is converted and another is not.
It follows that one person's believing and being converted rather than another's must be traced not to any efficacy of grace but only to the free self-determination of the human will, because this one chose to consent to the grace that moved him and came first to him, while that one refused.
Latin
XXXVIII. Praeterea scriptura docet gratiam divinam esse quae discrimen inter homines ponit, inter eos scilicet qui convertuntur & qui non convertuntur, inter credentes atque incredulos inter eos qui Deo vocanti parent & eos qui illi resistunt: secundum illud Pauli, Quis te discernit? sed ex doctrina eorum de quibus jam agimus, sequitur non gratiam divinam; sed simpliciter voluntatem humanam hoc discrimen inter homines constituere. Supponit enim aequali gratia pluribus oblata, hunc credere; illum non credere; hunc converti, illum non converti: Et consequenter quod hic potius quam ille credit & convertitur, ad aliquam gratiae efficaciam referri non debere, sed solum ad liberam voluntatis humanae determinationem; quia nimirum hic gratiae moventi & praevenienti consentire voluit, ille vero noluit.