To Florus · §1.97

To Florus 1.97

Click or tap any sentence to jump there. The side buttons skip a paragraph.

The Manichaean says that an evil will is inspired by a nature that cannot will good, while a good will is poured in by a nature that cannot will evil. Thus he imposes on the natures of each kind of thing a necessity such that their own wills cannot will the opposite. There is certainly a great gulf between him and us. Let us now see how far you have departed from him. You say that the will is free, but only to do evil; it is not free to cease doing evil unless a necessity of willing good is imposed on it by that nature which, to use your words, “cannot will evil” (Augustine, Against Two Letters of the Pelagians 1.7). You therefore define the human race as doing nothing through free choice except sinning, and as unable to do anything else. By this you declare outright that human nature always desires only one thing, evil, and cannot will the opposite. God's nature, however, cannot will evil; therefore, unless it makes evil human nature share in its own necessity, no good action can exist in human nature. After this, God may see in the secrecy of your heart whether you have little love for Mani. But as far as the kinship of your doctrines shows, you have done absolutely nothing except change the order and establish the same thing he asserted.

Latin source witness

Latin

Manichaeus dicit, voluntatem malam ab ea inspirari natura, quae bonum velle non potest; voluntatem vero bonam ab ea infundi natura, quae malum velle non potest; ita utique naturis singularum rerum imponit necessitatem, ut propriae voluntates non possint velle contraria. Inter nos et illum certe grande chaos est; videamus nunc quantum ab eo tu recesseris. Dicis esse liberam voluntatem, sed ut malum tantummodo faciat, non autem esse in hoc liberam, ut malum desistat operari, nisi ei fuerit imposita necessitas volendi bonum, ab ea natura, quae, ut tuis utar sermonibus: malum non potest velle [n252] . Definis ergo genus hominum per liberum arbitrium nihil aliud quam peccare, nec aliud posse facere. Per quod absolute pronuntias, humanam naturam unum semper cupere quod malum est, et velle non posse contrarium; naturam autem Dei malum non posse velle; et ideo, nisi necessitatis suae participem fecerit malam hominum naturam, bonum in ea actionis esse non posse. Post haec itaque utrum non multum ames Manichaeum, in cordis tui secreto Deus viderit; quantum tamen ex dogmatum germanitate monstratur, nihil aliud prorsus egisti, quam ut ordine commutato idem quod ille affirmarat adstrueres.

About this text

Julian’s six preserved books to Florus, quoted section by section in Augustine’s unfinished reply. Augustine’s refutations are omitted. Latin of Julian’s words is on each section.

Julian’s own books do not survive as a separate manuscript. English follows his words as Augustine quotes them in the Unfinished Work Against Julian. Augustine’s replies are omitted. We do not restore a Julian text independent of Augustine.

Witnesses

  • Copy-text Augustine, Unfinished Work Against Julian (Latin · Julian’s words as quoted, Books 1–6)
  • Checked print Augustinus.it Latin of the Unfinished Work (Latin · Same work)
  • Checked print Migne PL 45 (Latin · Hard cases)

This is an AI-assisted study translation. Source fidelity and completeness have not been independently certified. Open Latin on each section (or the Latin source witness link) for the source text. This is not a complete critical edition.