Paraphrase of Ecclesiastes · §9.2 · Gregory Thaumaturgus

Error's advice: enjoy yourself, for nothing follows

Error, speaking in person, urges a life of pleasure because nothing follows death; Solomon calls this the talk of the vain.

Still chanting these spells, Error gives advice like this: "What are you doing, my man? Why are you not living in luxury, gorging yourself on every kind of food and filling yourself with wine beyond measure (Ecclesiastes 9:7)? Do you not see that these things have been given by God for enjoyment without hindrance? Put on freshly washed clothes, anoint your head with perfume, and look at this woman, and at that one, and pass your vain life in vain (Ecclesiastes 9:8-9). For nothing else is left to you besides these things, neither here nor after death. Rather, do whatever lies at hand (Ecclesiastes 9:10). For no one will demand from you an account of these things, and what human beings do is not known at all outside of human beings. And Hades, whatever it may be, where we are said to go, has no share in wisdom or perception (Ecclesiastes 9:10)." That is what the vain say.

Greek

Ταῦτα ἡ πλάνη ἐπᾴδουσα ἔτι, καὶ τοιαῦτα συμβουλεύει· Τί πράττεις, ὦ οὗτος, καὶ οὐ τρυφᾷς, οὐδὲ ἐμφορῇ μὲν ἐδεσμάτων παντοίων, οἴνου δὲ ὑπερεμπίπλασαι; Οὐκ αἰσθάνῃ, ὡς ἐκ Θεοῦ ταυτὶ δέδοται πρὸς ἀπόλαυσιν ἀνεπικώλυτον; Περιβαλοῦ ἐσθῆτα νεόπλυτον, καὶ μύρῳ τὴν κεφαλὴν χρισάμενος, ὅρα τὴν γυναῖκα ταύτην, κἀκείνην δὲ ματαίως τὸν μάταιον πάρελθε βίον; Ἕτερον γὰρ οὐδὲν ὑπολείπεταί σοι παρὰ ταῦτα, οὐκ ἐνθάδε, οὐδὲ μετὰ θάνατον. Ἀλλὰ πράττε τὰ προστυχόντα. Οὔτε γὰρ λογισμὸν σέ τις τούτων εἰσπράξεται· οὔθ᾽ ὅλως γινώσκεται ἐκτὸς ἀνθρώπων τὰ ὑπ᾽ ἀνθρώπων γινόμενα. Ἅιδης δὲ, ὅ τί ποτε καὶ ἔστιν, εἰς ὃν ἀπιέναι λεγόμεθα, σοφίας καὶ αἰσθήσεως ἀμοιρεῖ. Ταῦτα μὲν οἱ μάταιοι.

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About this text

Gregory Thaumaturgus retells the whole of Ecclesiastes in Solomon's voice: human affairs are empty, pleasure and wealth never satisfy, and the book ends with its charge to fear God and keep His commandments, for every person will be judged. A fresh English translation from the Greek.

Gregory Thaumaturgus (c. 213–c. 270) wrote this paraphrase of Ecclesiastes for the whole Church of God. He was a third-century Christian bishop, born in Neocaesarea in Pontus to a wealthy pagan family and originally named Theodore.

The work is a paraphrase, not a commentary, presenting the teaching of Ecclesiastes in Gregory's own Greek. Gregory speaks in his own voice when he says he is addressing the Church and has given these matters sufficient thought.

A reader will meet Solomon, King David, and Gregory himself. The argument is that all human affairs and pursuits are empty and useless, because people are defeated by temporal things and refuse to look above the stars with the noble eye of the soul. Human life wears away like winter torrents pouring into the boundless deep. What God has established remains fixed, but human words and deeds have no measure, and idle talk brings no profit. Nothing new ever happens; what seems new was already known to the ancients, and both past and present fade into oblivion. The paraphrase then follows Ecclesiastes to its end: Solomon tries wisdom, pleasure and great works and finds them empty, weighs wisdom against folly, tells how he once reasoned that the righteous and the wicked meet the same end and rejects it, and closes with the charge to fear God and keep His commandments, for every person will be judged. The work paraphrases Ecclesiastes, so readers should use the Septuagint book name and numbering, cited as Ecclesiastes (LXX).

English translated from the Greek of the MGR / Documenta Catholica Omnia transcription (TLG 2063.006, from PG 10), read from its page images. From Ecclesiastes 1:13 to the end, each passage was also checked against the Greek and Latin columns of the Opera omnia print (Paris, 1622). The older Ante-Nicene Fathers English was used only as a sense check for the opening section.

Printed text used

Translated from MGR / Documenta Catholica Omnia concordance (Greek · Whole work)
Translated from Greek of the opening section (Greek · Ecclesiastes 1:1-12)
Also checked Opera omnia, Greek and Latin (Paris: Sonnius, Morel and Cramoisy, 1622), page images (Greek and Latin · Ecclesiastes 1:13 to the end)

Where the prints differ

Section 5.1 (Ecclesiastes 5:8) — The transcription brackets οὐ as an editor's supplement; the 1622 print has it as text ('there is no need to wonder'), and the English follows the 1622 print.
Section 5.2 (Ecclesiastes 5:10) — The transcription's χόρος is read as κόρος ('fill, satiety') with the 1622 print.
Section 7.1 (Ecclesiastes 6:12) — The transcription's πλέοντι is read as πλέον τι ('anything more') with the 1622 print.
Section 10.2 (Ecclesiastes 10:9) — The transcription prints ἀλλὰ μή with the editor's conjecture μήν; the English follows μήν ('Moreover'), as the 1622 Latin does.
Section 12.2 (Ecclesiastes 12:8) — The transcription's ἂ is read as the relative ἃ ('what I said before'), as the 1622 Latin requires.
Chapters 6-12 — Small typing and accent errors in the transcription are corrected from the 1622 print.

We have not yet re-checked this work against its source. We made this study translation with AI help. No scholar has yet certified it as faithful and complete. Open Greek on any section to see the source text. It is not a critical edition.

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