The Law Advises but Cannot Redeem
“…to do what is good, evil lies close at hand for me” (Romans 7:21). Notice again how wisely and skillfully he approves of the law: not as able to blunt the sting of sin, nor as capable of putting to death the sin within us, but only as instilling into the mind the knowledge of what is beneficial. For if, he says, evil lies close at hand for me as something that dwells in the flesh, the law nonetheless exposes it as counterfeit; it grants its help and is understood as a counselor, but not also as a redeemer.
Yet those who are sick with sin surely need not only to know clearly that they ought to do what is better, but also to be able to accomplish whatever is good and seems right to the law. So too, of course, for those who wish to win distinction in battle, bare knowledge of tactics alone is not enough; only if strength is added to it would such men then, and scarcely then, be brilliant and admired. If, then, the law teaches skill in what is good, but in no way helps those who are overpowered by cutting the sinews of sin, it is good because it is also a teacher; but it could not fairly be counted equal to the grace that comes through Christ, who is able both to make us wise and to make us stronger than evil.
“For I delight in the law of God in my inner self” (Romans 7:22). As I have already said, the mind thirsts for freedom, longs to be rid of what stands condemned, and crowns the law with the highest honors as the guide to what is noblest; but the nature of the flesh forces it toward disordered pleasures, while the law of sin wages war and presses hard upon it (Romans 7:23). By the law of sin he means the inborn impulse, and whatever one might suppose the passion of love for the flesh to be, just as he called the law of the mind its inclination and will toward the good.
“Wretched man that I am! Who will rescue me from this body of death? I thank God through Jesus Christ our Lord” (Romans 7:24–25). For now he laments and cries out against the flesh; and he calls the earthly, pleasure-loving body a “body of death,” because in it the law of sin is a sickness. He says that he seeks the one who is able to free us from such evils, and he does so in order to bring in the Redeemer for us at a fitting moment, that is, Christ, to whom he also gives all thanks. For through him we have been redeemed, not from the flesh but from the death of the flesh; not by dying, but by being set free from the death in our members, that is, from the savage pleasure in our members. For Christ has made us stronger than pleasure and sin.
“So then, I myself serve the law of God with my mind, but with my flesh the law of sin” (Romans 7:25). “There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus, who walk not according to the flesh but according to the spirit” (Romans 8:1). He has worked out a long discourse, examining minutely each of the things within us and the ways in which we are overpowered, which it is usual for the…
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ποιεῖν τὸ καλὸν, ὅτι ἐμοὶ τὸ κακὸν παράκειται. Ἄθρει δὴ πάλιν ὡς σοφῶς καὶ εὐτέχνως ἀποδέχεται τὸν 208 νόμον, οὐχ ὡς τῆς ἁμαρτίας τὸ κέντρον ἀπαμβλύνειν ἰσχύοντα, οὔτε μὴν κατανεκροῦν οἷόν τε τὴν ἐν ἡμῖν ἁμαρτίαν, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐνιέντα μόνον τῷ νῷ τὴν τοῦ συμφέροντος γνῶσιν. εἰ γὰρ ἐμοί φησι παράκειται τὸ κακὸν ὡς ἐνοικοῦν τῇ σαρκὶ, κατακιβδηλεύει γεμὴν ὁ νόμος αὐτὸ, χαρίζεται τὴν ἐπικουρίαν καὶ νοεῖται σύμβουλος, οὐ μὴν ἔτι καὶ λυτρωτής· δεῖ δὲ δὴ πάντως τοῖς ἀῤῥωστοῦσι τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, οὐ τοῦ διειδέναι μόνον ὅτι τὰ ἀμείνω προσήκει δρᾶν αὐτοὺς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ δύνασθαι κατορθοῦν ἅπερ ἂν εὖ ἔχοι καὶ τῷ νόμῳ δοκῇ· καθάπερ ἀμέλει καὶ τοῖς ἐθέλουσιν εὐδοκιμεῖν ἐν μάχαις οὐκ ἀπόχρη πρὸς τοῦτο γυμνὴ καὶ μόνη τῶν τακτικῶν ἡ εἴδησις, ἀλλ' εἰ προσυπάρχοι τούτῳ καὶ τὸ εὐσθενὲς, εἶεν ἂν οἱ τοιοίδε τότε δὴ μόλις λαμπροὶ καὶ ἀπόβλεπτοι. οὐκοῦν εἰ διδάσκει μὲν ὁ νόμος τὸ ἐν ἀγαθοῖς εὐτεχνὲς, κατ' οὐδένα δὲ τρόπον τοῖς πλεονεκτουμένοις ἐπικουρεῖ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἀπονευρῶν, καλὸς μὲν ὅτι καὶ διδάσκαλος, οὐ μὴν ἔτι καὶ ἐν ἴσῳ χάριτι τῇ διὰ Χριστοῦ καταλογισθείη ἂν εἰκότως, τοῦ καὶ σοφοῦν ἰσχύοντος καὶ ἀλκιμωτέρους ἡμᾶς ἀποφαίνοντος τοῦ κακοῦ. Συνήδομαι γὰρ τῷ νόμῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ κατὰ τὸν ἔσω ἄνθρωπον. Ὡς ἔφην ἤδη, διψᾷ μὲν ὁ νοῦς τὸ ἐλεύθερον, καὶ τῶν διαβεβλημένων ἀπαλλακτιᾷ, καὶ ταῖς ἀνωτάτω τιμαῖς στεφανοῖ τὸν νόμον ὡς τῶν καλλίστων εἰσηγητήν· καταβιάζεται δὲ εἰς ἐκτόπους ἡδονὰς ἡ τῆς σαρκὸς φύσις, πολεμοῦντός τε καὶ ἐγκειμένου τοῦ νόμου τῆς ἁμαρτίας· νόμον δὲ ἁμαρτίας εἶναί φησι τὸ ἔμφυτον κίνημα, καὶ ὅπερ ἂν ὑπάρχειν οἴοιτό τις τῆς φιλοσαρκίας τὸ πάθος, καθάπερ ἀμέλει καὶ νόμον ἔφη νοὸς τὴν εἴς γε τὸ ἀγαθὸν αὐτοῦ ῥοπήν τε καὶ θέλησιν. 209 Ταλαίπωρος ἐγὼ ἄνθρωπος· τίς με ῥύσεται ἐκ τοῦ σώματος τοῦ θανάτου τούτου; εὐχαριστῶ τῷ Θεῷ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν. Τέως δὲ σχετλιάζει καὶ κατακράζει τῆς σαρκός· καὶ σῶμα θανάτου, τὸ ἀπὸ γῆς καὶ φιλήδονον καλεῖ διὰ τὸ νοσεῖν ἐν αὐτῷ τῆς ἁμαρτίας τὸν νόμον· ζητεῖν δὲ λέγει τὸν δυνάμενον τῶν τοιούτων ἀπαλλάξαι κακῶν, καὶ ἵν' εὐαφόρμως ἡμῖν εἰσαγάγῃ τὸν λυτρωτὴν, τουτέστι, Χριστὸν, ᾧ καὶ τὴν πᾶσαν ὁμολογεῖ χάριν· δι' αὐτοῦ γὰρ λελυτρώμεθα, οὐ τῆς σαρκὸς, ἀλλὰ τοῦ θανάτου τῆς σαρκός· οὐκ ἀποθάνοντες, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἐν τοῖς μέλεσι θανάτου, τουτέστι τῆς ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ἀγρίας ἡδονῆς, ἐλευθερωθέντες. κρείττους γὰρ ἡμᾶς ἀπέφηνεν ὁ Χριστὸς ἡδονῆς καὶ ἁμαρτίας. Ἄρα οὖν αὐτὸς ἐγὼ τῷ μὲν νοῒ δουλεύω νόμῳ Θεοῦ, τῇ δὲ σαρκὶ νόμῳ ἁμαρτίας. οὐδὲν ἄρα νῦν κατάκριμα τοῖς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, μὴ κατὰ σάρκα περιπατοῦσιν ἀλλὰ κατὰ πνεῦμα. Μακρὸς μὲν αὐτῷ ἐκπεποίηται λόγος, βασανίζοντι λεπτῶς ἕκαστα τῶν ἐν ἡμῖν καὶ τῆς πλεονεξίας τοὺς τρόπους, οὓς ὑπομένειν ἔθος τὴν 15