Homily on Not Clinging to Worldly Things · §3 · Basil of Caesarea

Wealth and pleasures are alien, not our own

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Basil is preaching to his congregation, continuing his argument that life is a forced road and now showing that the things people collect along it are not truly their own.

But we take pleasure in being carried forward, and we rejoice at changing stages of life as if we were gaining something. We count it a blessing when a boy becomes a man, and a man becomes an old man. Yet we do not realize that each time we lose as much of life as we have lived, and we do not notice that our life is being spent. We are always measuring it by what has run past and flowed away, but we never stop to think that it is uncertain how much time the One who sent us out on this journey will choose to grant for the race, or when He will open the gates of entry for each of the runners. We do not consider that we must be ready every day for our departure from here, waiting with fixed eyes for the Master's signal. For He says, "Let your loins be girded and your lamps burning, and be like people waiting for their master to return from the wedding feast, so that when he comes and knocks, they may open to him at once" (Luke 12:35-36).

Nor do we want to examine carefully which loads are light for such a race, able to move away together with those who gathered them and to make our life there joyful, becoming the true possessions of their owners; and which loads are heavy, burdensome, nailed to the earth, not made by nature to belong to human beings at all, and not permitted to follow their owners through that narrow gate. But the things we should have gathered, we have left behind; the things we ought to despise, those we gather. The things that can be united to us and truly become an ornament fitted to soul and body—to these we pay no attention. But the things that remain forever alien, imprinting on us only shame—these we try to heap up, laboring in vain and toiling at a toil like someone who deceives himself by choosing to draw water into a pierced jar.

For I think this is known even to all infants: none of the pleasant things in life, over which most people have gone mad, is truly ours or is made by nature to become ours. Rather, they appear equally alien to all—both to those who seem to enjoy them and to those who never come near them. Even if some people gather boundless gold in this life, it does not remain their own forever. Either it slips away while they are still living, pressing in on them from every side and flowing off to those who are stronger, or it abandons them when they have already come to death, refusing to depart together with those who acquired it.

Those who are dragged by the one who forcibly separates souls from this wretched flesh toward the necessary road keep turning back again and again to their possessions, weeping over the sweat they poured out for them from youth. But the wealth looks toward other hands, having smeared on its owners only the toil of gathering it and the charge of greed. Nor if someone acquires ten thousand acres of land, magnificent houses, herds of every kind of animal, and wraps himself in all power among men, does he enjoy them forever. He is called by their name for a little while, and then he will yield his prosperity to others again, going down under a small patch of earth himself. Often, even before the grave and before his departure from here, he will see his good fortune passing over to others—perhaps even to his enemies.

Greek

Ἡμεῖς δὲ ἡδόμεθα μὲν ἐπὶ τὰ πρόσω φερόμενοι, καὶ τὰς ἡλι κίας ἀμείβοντες, ὥς τι προσλαμβάνοντες, χαίρομεν· καὶ μακάριον κρίνομεν, ὅταν ἐκ παιδὸς μὲν ἀνὴρ, ἐκ δὲ ἀνδρὸς γένηταί τις πρεσβύτης· ἀγνοοῦμεν δὲ ἄρα, τοσοῦτον ἀπολλύντες ἑκάστοτε τῆς ζωῆς, ὅσον ἐζήσαμεν, καὶ οὐκ αἰσθανόμεθα δαπανωμένου τοῦ βίου, καίτοιγε ἀεὶ μετροῦντες αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ παραδρα μόντος καὶ παραῤῥεύσαντος, οὐδὲ ἐννοοῦμεν, ὡς ἄρα ἄδηλον ὁπόσον ὁ πρὸς τὴν ὁδοιπορίαν ταύτην ἐκπέμψας ἡμᾶς ἐνδοῦναι τῷ δρόμῳ χρόνον βουλήσεται, καὶ πότε ἑκάστῳ τῶν δρομέων ἀνοίξει τῆς εἰσόδου τὰς πύλας, καὶ ὅτι δεῖ παρεσκευασμένους ἐφ' ἡμέραν εἶναι πρὸς τὴν ἐντεῦθεν ἀποδημίαν ἡμᾶς, καὶ τὸ τοῦ Δεσπότου νεῦμα περιμένειν ἑστῶσι τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς. Ἔστωσαν γὰρ, φησὶν, αἱ ὀσφύες ὑμῶν περιεζωσμέναι, καὶ οἱ λύχνοι καιόμενοι· καὶ ὑμεῖς ὅμοιοι ἀνθρώποις προσδεχομένοις τὸν κύριον ἑαυτῶν, πότε ἀναλύσει ἐκ τῶν γάμων, ἵνα, ἐλθόντος καὶ κρούσαντος, εὐθέως ἀνοίξωσιν αὐτῷ. Οὐδὲ ἐθέλομεν σκοπεῖν ἀκριβῶς, ποῖα μὲν κοῦφα φορτία πρὸς τὸν τοιοῦτον δρόμον ἡμῖν καὶ συμμεθίστασθαι δύναται τοῖς συλλέξασι, καὶ τὸν ἐκεῖ περιχαρῆ ποιεῖ βίον ἡμῖν, ἴδια τῶν κτησαμένων γινό μενα· ποῖα δὲ βαρέα καὶ δυσχερῆ καὶ προσηλωμένα τῇ γῇ, καὶ οὐ πεφυκότα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις οἰκειοῦσθαι καθάπαξ, οὐδὲ συγχωρούμενα διὰ τῆς στενῆς ἐκεί νης πύλης ἀκολουθῆσαι τοῖς ἔχουσιν. Ἀλλ' ὅσα μὲν συλλέγειν ἐχρῆν, κατελίπομεν· ὧν δὲ ὑπερορᾷν προσ ήκει, ταῦτα συλλέγομεν· καὶ ἃ μὲν ἡμῖν ἑνωθῆναι, καὶ κόσμος ὄντως γενέσθαι δύναται συμφυὴς ψυχῇ τε καὶ σώματι, τούτοις οὐδὲ προσέχομεν· ἃ δὲ ἀλλότρια μένει διηνεκῶς, μόνην ἡμῖν ἐναποματτόμενα τὴν αἰσχύνην, ταῦτα ἀθροίζειν ἐπιχειροῦμεν, μοχθοῦντες διακενῆς, καὶ πονοῦντες πόνον, οἱονεί τις ἑαυτὸν ἀπατῶν, εἰς τετρημένον πίθον ἀντλεῖν ἐθελήσειε. Τοῦτο γὰρ δήπου γνώριμον οἶμαι καὶ νηπίοις πᾶσιν, ὡς οὐδὲν τῶν ἐν τῷ βίῳ τερπνῶν, ἐφ' οἷς οἱ πλείους μεμήνασιν, ἡμέτερον ὄντως ἐστὶν, ἢ γίνεσθαι πέφυκεν· ἀλλ' ὁμοίως ἁπάντων ἀλλότρια φαίνεται, τῶν τε ἀπολαύειν δοκούντων, τῶν τε οὔτε προσπελαζόντων αὐτοῖς. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰ χρυσόν τινες ἐν τῷ βίῳ συναγάγοιεν ἄπλετον, ἴδιος αὐτῶν μένει διηνεκῶς· ἀλλ' ἢ ζῶντας ἔτι πανταχόθεν αὐτὸν περισφίγγοντας ἀποδιδράσκει, πρὸς τοὺς δυνατωτέρους μεταῤῥυεὶς, ἢ πρὸς τῷ θανάτῳ γεγενημένους ἤδη καταλιμπάνει, καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλει τοῖς κτησαμένοις συνεκδημεῖν. Ἀλλ' οἱ μὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ πρὸς βίαν χωρίζοντος τὰς ψυχὰς τῆς ταλαιπώρου ταύτης σαρκὸς ἑλκόμενοι πρὸς τὴν ἀναγκαῖαν ὁδὸν, πυκνὰ μεταστρεφόμενοι πρὸς τὰ χρήματα, τοὺς ἐκ νεότητος ἐπ' αὐτοῖς ἱδρῶτας ἀπο δακρύουσιν· ὁ πλοῦτος δὲ εἰς ἑτέρων χεῖρας ὁρᾷ, μό νον ἐκείνοις τὸν ἐπὶ τῇ συλλογῇ μόχθον καὶ τὸ τῆς πλεονεξίας ἔγκλημα προστριψάμενος. Οὔτε εἰ ἐπὶ γῆς πλέθρα κτήσαιτό τις μυρία, καὶ μεγαλοπρεπεῖς οἰκίας, καὶ ζώων ἀγέλας παντοδαπῶν, καὶ τὴν ἐν ἀν θρώποις ἅπασαν περιβάλοιτο δυναστείαν, ἀπολαύει δι' αἰῶνος αὐτῶν· ἐπ' ὀλίγον δὲ ἀπὸ τούτων· ὀνομασθεὶς, ἄλλοις πάλιν τῆς εὐπορίας ἐκστήσεται, βρα χεῖαν γῆν αὐτὸς ὑποδὺς, πολλάκις δὲ καὶ πρὸ τοῦ τά φου, καὶ πρὸ τῆς ἐντεῦθεν ἀπαναστάσεως, εἰς ἑτέ ρους, καὶ πολεμίους τυχὸν, τὴν εὐπραγίαν ὄψεται μεταβαίνουσαν.

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