Homily against Drunkards · §1 · Basil of Caesarea

One evening undoes the Lenten labor

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Basil opens his homily by lamenting that the shameful sights of the previous evening have undone all his Lenten exhortations to his congregation.

The sights of this evening move me to speak, but the fruitlessness of my previous labors holds back my impulse and dulls my eagerness. A farmer, when his first seeds do not sprout, is more reluctant to cast seed into the same furrows a second time. If, after all the exhortations we never stopped offering you in the time before, and after these seven weeks of fasting when night and day we did not cease solemnly testifying to you the Gospel of God's grace, nothing has come of it—on what hopes shall I speak today? Oh, how many nights you kept vigil in vain! How many days you gathered in vain! If indeed it was in vain. For the one who has made progress in good works and then has run back to his old habits not only forfeits the reward for his labors but deserves a heavier condemnation, because he tasted the good word of God and was counted worthy of the knowledge of mysteries, yet betrayed everything, lured by a brief pleasure. The one with little is pardonable and receives mercy, but the powerful, it says, will be powerfully tested. One evening, and one assault of the enemy, dissolved and obliterated all that labor. What eagerness, then, can there be for this present word? I would have kept silent, know well, had I not feared the example of Jeremiah, who, when he did not want to speak to a disobedient people, suffered those things he himself described: that fire came into his inward parts, and he gave way on every side, and could not bear it. Wanton women, forgetting the fear of God, despising the eternal fire, on such a day—when they ought to have sat in their homes because of the remembrance of the resurrection and taken thought of that day when the heavens will be opened, and the Judge will appear to us from heaven, and there will be trumpets of God, and resurrection of the dead, and righteous judgment, and recompense to each according to his work—instead of holding these things in their thoughts, and cleansing their hearts from evil imaginations, and wiping away with tears their former sins, and preparing to meet Christ on the great day of his appearing, they shook off the yoke of Christ's service, cast the veils of modesty from their heads, despised God, despised his angels, were shameless before every male gaze, tossing their hair, trailing their tunics, and playing with their feet at the same time, with wanton eye and unrestrained laughter driven mad into dancing, calling upon themselves every lust of young men, forming choruses at the martyrs' shrines before the city, and making the holy places a workshop of their own shamelessness. They defiled the air with their songs of fornication, and defiled the earth with their unclean feet as they stamped it in their dances, surrounding themselves with a crowd of young men as their theater—truly wanton and utterly deranged, leaving no excess of madness undone. How shall I keep silent about these things? How shall I lament them as they deserve? Wine has brought this ruin upon these souls of ours—wine, the gift given by God for the comfort of weakness to the self-controlled, but now become a weapon of lust for the licentious.

Greek

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΙΔʹ. Κατὰ μεθυόντων. Κινεῖ μέν με πρὸς τὸν λόγον τὰ ἑσπερινὰ θεά ματα· κατέχει δέ μου πάλιν τὴν ὁρμὴν, καὶ ἀπαμ βλύνει τὴν προθυμίαν τῶν προλαβόντων πόνων τὸ ἄκαρπον. Ἐπεὶ καὶ γεωργὸς, τῶν πρώτων αὐτῷ σπερμάτων μὴ ἐκφυέντων, ὀκνηρότερός ἐστι πρὸς τὸ δεύτερον ταῖς αὐταῖς ἀρούραις πάλιν ἐγκαταβάλλειν. Εἰ γὰρ ἐπὶ τοσαύταις παραινέσεσιν, ἃς ἔν τε τῷ προλαβόντι χρόνῳ παρακαλοῦντες ὑμᾶς οὐ διελίπομεν, καὶ ἐφεξῆς τῶν ἑπτὰ τούτων τῆς νηστείας ἑβδομάδων νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας διαμαρτυρό μενοι ὑμῖν τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐκ ἐπαυσάμεθα, οὐδὲν γέγονεν ὄφελος· ἐπὶ ποίαις ἐλπίσι διαλεχθῶμεν σήμερον; Ὢ πόσας νύκτας εἰκῆ ἠγρυπνήσατε! πόσας ἡμέρας εἰκῆ συνηθροίσθητε! εἴ γε καὶ εἰκῆ. Ὁ γὰρ ἐν προκοπῇ γενόμενος ἀγαθῶν ἔργων, εἶτα παλινδρομήσας πρὸς τὴν ἀρχαίαν συν ήθειαν, οὐ μόνον τὸν ἐπὶ τοῖς πεπονημένοις μισθὸν ἐζημιώθη, ἀλλὰ καὶ βαρυτέρας ἀξιοῦται τῆς κατακρίσεως· ὅτι, γευσάμενος καλὸν Θεοῦ ῥῆμα, καὶ γνώσεως μυστηρίων ἀξιωθεὶς, πάντα προέδωκεν, ἡδονῇ βραχείᾳ δελεασθείς. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἐλάχιστος συγγνωστός ἐστιν ἐλέους· δυνατοὶ δὲ, φησὶ, δυνατῶς ἐτασθήσονται. Μία ἑσπέρα, καὶ μία προσβολὴ τοῦ ἐχθροῦ πάντα τὸν πόνον ἐκεῖνον διέλυσε καὶ ἠφάνισε. Ποία οὖν προθυμία τοῦ νῦν λόγου; Ὥστε κἂν ἐσιώπησα, εὖ ἴστε, εἰ μὴ ἐφοβούμην τὸ ὑπόδειγμα τοῦ Ἱερεμίου, ὃς, πρὸς ἀπειθῆ λαὸν φθέγγεσθαι μὴ βουλόμενος, ἔπαθεν ἐκεῖνα ἅπερ αὐτὸς διηγήσατο· ὅτι ἐγένετο αὐτῷ πῦρ ἐν τοῖς ἐγκάτοις, καὶ παρεῖτο πάντοθεν, καὶ οὐκ ἠδύνατο φέρειν. Γυναῖκες ἀκόλαστοι, ἐπιλαθόμεναι τοῦ φόβου τοῦ Θεοῦ, τοῦ πυρὸς τοῦ αἰωνίου καταφρονήσασαι, ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τοιαύτῃ, ὅτε αὐτὰς ἐχρῆν διὰ τὴν ἀνάμνησιν τῆς ἀναστάσεως καθῆσθαι ἐν τοῖς οἵ κοις, καὶ ἔννοιαν λαμβάνειν τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης, καθ' ἣν ἀνοιγήσονται μὲν οἱ οὐρανοὶ, ἐπιφανήσεται δὲ ἡμῖν ὁ κριτὴς ἐξ οὐρανῶν, καὶ σάλπιγγες Θεοῦ, καὶ ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν, καὶ κρίσις δικαία, καὶ ἀντί δοσις ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὸ ἔργον αὐτοῦ· ἀντὶ τοῦ ταῦτα ἔχειν ἐν τοῖς διαλογισμοῖς, καὶ καθαίρειν μὲν ἑαυτῶν τὰς καρδίας ἀπὸ πονηρῶν ἐνθυμήσεων, ἐξ αλείφειν δὲ τοῖς δάκρυσι τὰ προημαρτημένα, ἑτοιμά ζεσθαι δὲ πρὸς τὴν ἀπάντησιν τοῦ Χριστοῦ κατὰ τὴν μεγάλην ἡμέραν τῆς ἐπιφανείας αὐτοῦ, ἀποσεισάμεναι τὸν ζυγὸν τῆς δουλείας τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ῥίψα σαι ἀπὸ τῶν κεφαλῶν τὰ τῆς εὐσχημοσύνης καλύμματα, καταφρονήσασαι τοῦ Θεοῦ, καταφρονήσασαι τῶν ἀγγέλων αὐτοῦ, καταναισχυντήσασαι πάσης ἄῤῥενος ὄψεως, σοβοῦσαι τὰς κόμας, σύρουσαι τοὺς χι τῶνας, καὶ τοῖς ποσὶν ἅμα παίζουσαι, ὀφθαλμῷ ἀσελγεῖ, γέλωτι ἐκκεχυμένῳ πρὸς ὄρχησιν ἐκμανεῖσαι, πᾶσαν νέων ἀκολασίαν ἐφ' ἑαυτὰς προσ καλούμεναι, ἐν τοῖς πρὸ τῆς πόλεως μαρτυ ρίοις χοροὺς συστησάμεναι, ἐργαστήριον τῆς οἰκείας αὐτῶν ἀσχημοσύνης τοὺς ἡγιασμένους τόπους πεποίηνται. Ἐμίαναν μὲν τὸν ἀέρα τοῖς ᾄσμασι τοῖς πορνικοῖς, ἐμίαναν δὲ τὴν γῆν τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις ποσὶν, ἣν ἐν ταῖς ὀρχήσεσι κατεκρότησαν, θέατρον ἑαυταῖς νεανίσκων ὄχλον περιστησάμεναι, σοβάδες ὄντως καὶ παράφοροι παντελῶς, μανίας οὐδε μίαν ὑπερβολὴν ἀπολείπουσαι. Ταῦτα πῶς μὲν σιωπήσω; πῶς δὲ κατ' ἀξίαν ὀδύρωμαι; Οἶνος ἡμῖν τῶν ψυχῶν τούτων τὴν ζημίαν ἐποίησεν· οἶνος, τὸ παρὰ Θεοῦ δῶρον εἰς παραμυθίαν τῆς ἀσθενείας δεδομένον τοῖς σωφρονοῦσιν· ὅπλον δὲ νῦν γενόμενον ἀκολασίας τοῖς ἀσελγαίνουσιν.

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