The Creator's wonders on land and the transition to land animals
Basil is closing his homily on sea creatures and beginning the next homily, where he turns to the land animals created on the sixth day.
So through all these things the Creator wants you to stay awake, so that by your hope in God you may escape the harm they can do. But let us now run back up from the depths and flee for refuge to the mainland. For the wonders of creation, coming upon us one after another like waves, have led our discourse under water by their continuous and successive assaults. And yet I would be surprised if our mind, once it encounters the greater marvels of the land, does not again run away to the sea like Jonah. It seems to me that our discourse, having fallen among countless wonders, has forgotten its measure, and has suffered the same thing as those who sail on the open sea: with no fixed point by which to judge their movement, they often do not know how far they have traveled. This seems to have happened to us as well: as our discourse ran through creation, we did not perceive the sheer number of things said. But even if this august theater loves to listen, and the telling of the Master's wonders is sweet to the ears of His servants, let us anchor our discourse here and wait for the day to render what remains. And when we all rise, let us give thanks for what has been said, and ask for the completion of what remains. May there also be for you, in the partaking of your food, table-talk about all that came to you this morning and all that our discourse brought this evening. And may you be overtaken by sleep with thoughts about these things, so that even while sleeping you enjoy the daytime's gladness, and may it be possible for you to say, "I sleep, but my heart is awake," meditating night and day on the law of the Lord, to whom be glory and power forever and ever. Amen. Homily 8: On birds and water creatures. 8.1 And God said, "Let the earth bring forth a living creature according to kind: four-footed animals and creeping things and wild beasts according to kind." And it was so (Genesis 1:24). The command came walking along its path, and the earth received its own adornment. There, "Let the waters bring forth creeping things of living creatures" (Genesis 1:20); here, "Let the earth bring forth a living creature." Is the earth then ensouled? Do the foolish Manichaeans have any ground for putting a soul into the earth? It is not because He said "Let it bring forth" that the earth brought out what was stored up within it; rather, the One who gave the command also granted it the power to bring forth. For when the earth heard, "Let it sprout the herb of grass and the fruit tree" (Genesis 1:11), it did not bring out grass it had hidden within itself; it did not send up to the surface a palm tree or an oak or a cypress that had been stored away somewhere in its hollows. No, the divine word is the nature of the things that come to be. "Let the earth sprout": not "let it cast out what it has," but "let it acquire what it does not have," since God grants the power to be active. So now also, "Let the earth bring forth a living creature": not the one stored up within it, but the one given to it by God through the command. And then the argument will turn back against them in the opposite direction. For if the earth brought out the soul, it left itself bereft of soul. But their abomination is obvious immediately. Why, however, were the waters commanded to bring forth creeping things of living creatures, while the earth was commanded to bring forth a living creature? We reason, then, that the nature of swimming things seems to share in a life that is somehow less complete, because they live in the thickness of the water.
Greek
Οὕτω σε διὰ πάντων ἐγρηγορέναι ὁ κτίστης βούλεται, ἵν' ἐν τῇ πρὸς Θεὸν ἐλπίδι τὰς ἀπ' αὐτῶν βλάβας ἀποδιδράσκῃς. Ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἀνα δραμόντες ἐκ τῶν βυθῶν, ἐπὶ τὴν ἤπειρον καταφύγωμεν. Καὶ γάρ πως ἄλλα ἐπ' ἄλλοις καταλαβόντα ἡμᾶς τῆς δημιουργίας τὰ θαύματα, οἷόν τινα κύματα, ταῖς συνεχέσι καὶ ἐπαλλήλοις ἐπιδρομαῖς ὑποβρόχιον ἡμῶν τὸν λόγον ἤγαγε. Καίτοι θαυμάσαιμι ἂν, εἰ μὴ μείζοσι τοῖς κατ' ἤπειρον παραδόξοις ἡ διάνοια ἡμῶν ἐντυχοῦσα, πάλιν κατὰ τὸν Ἰωνᾶν ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν δραπετεύσει. Ἔοικε δέ μοι ὁ λόγος ἐμπεσὼν εἰς τὰ μυρία θαύματα ἐπιλελῆσθαι τῆς συμμετρίας, καὶ ταὐτὸν πεπονθέναι τοῖς ἐν πελάγει ναυτιλλομένοις, οἳ πρὸς μηδὲν πεπηγὸς τὴν κίνησιν τεκμαιρόμενοι, ἀγνοοῦσι πολλάκις ὅσον διέδραμον. Ὃ δὴ καὶ περὶ ἡμᾶς ἔοικε γεγενῆσθαι, τρέχοντος τοῦ λόγου διὰ τῆς κτίσεως, μὴ λαβεῖν τοῦ πλήθους τῶν εἰρημένων τὴν αἴσθησιν. Ἀλλ' εἰ καὶ φιλήκοον τὸ σεμνὸν τοῦτο θέατρον, καὶ γλυκεῖα δούλων ἀκοαῖς δεσποτικῶν θαυμάτων διήγησις, ἐνταῦθα τὸν λόγον ὁρμίσαντες, μείνωμεν τὴν ἡμέραν πρὸς τὴν τῶν λειπομένων ἀπόδοσιν. Ἀναστάντες δὲ πάντες εὐχαριστή σωμεν ὑπὲρ τῶν εἰρημένων, καὶ αἰτήσωμεν τῶν λειπομένων τὴν πλήρωσιν. Γένοιτο δὲ ὑμῖν καὶ ἐν τῇ μεταλήψει τῆς τροφῆς ἐπιτραπέζια διηγήματα, ὅσα τε ἕωθεν ὑμῖν, καὶ ὅσα κατὰ τὴν ἑσπέραν ἐπῆλθεν ὁ λόγος· καὶ ταῖς περὶ τούτων ἐννοίαις ὑπὸ τοῦ ὕπνου καταληφθέντες, τῆς μεθημερινῆς εὐφροσύνης καὶ καθεύδοντες ἀπολαύσοιτε, ἵνα ἐξῇ ὑμῖν λέγειν, Ἐγὼ καθεύδω, καὶ ἡ καρδία μου ἀγρυπνεῖ, μελετῶσα νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Κυρίου, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν. ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ηʹ Περὶ πτηνῶν καὶ ἐνύδρων. 8.1 Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς, ἐξαγαγέτω ἡ γῆ ψυχὴν ζῶσαν κατὰ γένος, τετράποδα καὶ ἑρπετὰ καὶ θηρία κατὰ γένος. Καὶ ἐγένετο οὕτως. Ἦλθε τὸ πρόσταγμα ὁδῷ βαδίζον, καὶ ἀπέλαβε καὶ ἡ γῆ τὸν ἴδιον κόσμον. Ἐκεῖ, Ἐξαγαγέτω τὰ ὕδατα ἑρπετὰ ψυχῶν ζωσῶν· ὧδε, Ἐξαγαγέτω ἡ γῆ ψυχὴν ζῶσαν. Ἔμψυχος ἄρα ἡ γῆ; καὶ χώραν ἔχουσιν οἱ ματαιόφρονες Μανιχαῖοι, ψυχὴν ἐντιθέντες τῇ γῇ; Οὐκ ἐπειδὴ εἶπεν, Ἐξαγαγέτω, τὸ ἐναποκείμενον αὐτῇ προήνεγκεν, ἀλλ' ὁ δοὺς τὸ πρόσταγμα, καὶ τὴν τοῦ ἐξαγαγεῖν αὐτῇ δύναμιν ἐχαρίσατο. Οὔτε γὰρ ὅτε ἤκουσεν ἡ γῆ, Βλαστησάτω βοτάνην χόρτου καὶ ξύλον κάρπιμον, κεκρυμμένον ἔχουσα τὸν χόρτον ἐξήνεγκεν· οὐδὲ τὸν φοίνικα, ἢ τὴν δρῦν, ἢ τὴν κυπάρισσον κάτω που ἐν ταῖς λαγόσιν ἑαυτῆς ἀποκε κρυμμένα ἀνῆκε πρὸς τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν· ἀλλ' ὁ θεῖος λόγος φύσις ἐστὶ τῶν γινομένων. Βλαστησάτω ἡ γῆ· οὐχ ὅπερ ἔχει προβαλλέτω, ἀλλ' ὃ μὴ ἔχει κτησάσθω, Θεοῦ δωρουμένου τῆς ἐνεργείας τὴν δύναμιν. Οὕτω καὶ νῦν, Ἐξαγαγέτω ἡ γῆ ψυχὴν, οὐ τὴν ἐναποκειμένην, ἀλλὰ τὴν δεδομένην αὐτῇ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ τῆς ἐπιταγῆς. Ἔπειτα καὶ εἰς τὸ ἐναντίον αὐτοῖς ὁ λόγος περιτραπήσεται. Εἰ γὰρ ἐξήνεγκεν ἡ γῆ τὴν ψυχὴν, ἐρήμην ἑαυτὴν κατέλιπε τῆς ψυχῆς. Ἀλλ' ἐκείνων μὲν τὸ βδελυκτὸν αὐτόθεν γνώριμον. Διὰ τί μέντοι τὰ μὲν ὕδατα ἑρπετὰ ψυχῶν ζωσῶν ἐξαγαγεῖν προσετάχθη, ἡ δὲ γῆ ψυχὴν ζῶσαν; Λογιζόμεθα τοίνυν, ὅτι τῶν μὲν νηκτῶν ἡ φύσις ἀτελεστέρας πως δοκεῖ ζωῆς μετέχειν, διὰ τὸ ἐν τῇ παχύτητι τοῦ ὕδατος διαιτᾶσθαι.