The Spirit's life-giving work and the creation of light
Basil is explaining the meaning of the Spirit being borne upon the waters, then moves to God's first spoken command, 'Let there be light.'
So the meaning of the phrase is this. They explain “was borne upon,” he says, as meaning that the Spirit warmed the nature of the waters and gave it life, in the image of a brooding bird that imparts a vital power to the things being warmed beneath it. They say that this word indicates something like this: the Spirit was borne upon the water—that is, the Spirit was preparing the nature of the water for the production of life. From this the question raised by some is sufficiently answered: the Holy Spirit is not absent even from the creative activity.
And God said, “Let there be light” (Genesis 1:3). The first voice of God created the nature of light, made the darkness vanish, dissolved the gloom, made the world bright, and brought to all things at once a lovely and pleasing appearance. For the heaven appeared, which until then had been hidden by darkness, and its beauty was as great as eyes still testify even now. The air shone round about—or rather, the air held the light wholly mixed through its entire being, sending the sharp transmissions of its radiance everywhere to its own limits. Above, it reached as far as the upper air and heaven itself; in breadth, it illuminated all the parts of the world—north, south, east, and west—in a sharp moment of time. For such is its nature, fine and transparent, that light passing through it needs no extension of time. Just as it carries our sight to visible things without time, so it receives the impulses of light in an instant—in a moment of time smaller than anyone could conceive—to all the limits of the air. And the upper air became more pleasant with the light, and the waters more radiant, not only receiving the radiance but also sending it back from themselves by the reflection of the light, with sparklings flashing from the water on every side. The divine voice transformed all things to the sweetest and most precious state. Just as those who pour oil into the deep make the place transparent, so the Maker of all things, when he spoke, poured the grace of light into the world all at once. “Let there be light.” And the command was a deed; and a nature came into being than which human reasoning cannot conceive anything more delightful for enjoyment.
But when we speak of voice and word and command in relation to God, we do not mean a sound emitted by vocal organs, nor air shaped by the tongue; we understand the divine Word, but we consider the inclination in the will, because it is easily grasped by learners, to be shaped in the form of a command.
And God saw the light, that it was good (Genesis 1:4). What praise worthy of the light could we offer, when it received in advance the testimony of its Creator, that it is good? Among us, too, speech yields the judgment to the eyes, having nothing to say as great as what the senses testify in advance. But if beauty in a body has its being from the symmetry of its parts to one another and from the good color that appears on it, how is the principle of beauty preserved in the case of light, which is simple in nature and of uniform parts? Is it not because what is proportionate in light is testified not in its own parts, but in its painless and gentle effect on sight? For in this way gold is beautiful too, possessing what attracts the eye and gives delight not from the symmetry of its parts, but from its good color alone.
Greek
Εἶναι οὖν τὴν διάνοιαν τοῦ ῥητοῦ τοιαύτην. Τὸ, Ἐπεφέρετο, φησὶν, ἐξηγοῦνται, ἀντὶ τοῦ, συνέθαλπε, καὶ ἐζωογόνει τὴν τῶν ὑδάτων φύσιν, κατὰ τὴν εἰκόνα τῆς ἐπωαζούσης ὄρνιθος, καὶ ζωτικήν τινα δύναμιν ἐνιείσης τοῖς ὑποθαλπομένοις. Τοιοῦτόν τινά φασιν ὑπὸ τῆς φωνῆς ταύτης παραδηλοῦσθαι τὸν νοῦν, ὡς ἐπιφερομένου τοῦ Πνεύματος· τουτέστι, πρὸς ζωογονίαν τὴν τοῦ ὕδατος φύσιν παρασκευάζοντος· ὥστε ἱκανῶς ἐκ τούτου τὸ παρά τινων ἐπιζητούμενον δείκνυσθαι, ὅτι οὐδὲ τῆς δημιουργικῆς ἐνεργείας τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἀπολείπεται. 2.7 Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς, γενηθήτω φῶς. Πρώτη φωνὴ Θεοῦ φωτὸς φύσιν ἐδημιούργησε, τὸ σκότος ἠφάνισε, τὴν κατήφειαν διέλυσε, τὸν κόσμον ἐφαίδρυνε, πᾶσιν ἀθρόως χαρίεσσαν ὄψιν καὶ ἡδεῖαν ἐπήγαγεν. Οὐρανός τε γὰρ ἐξεφάνη κεκαλυμμένος τέως τῷ σκότῳ, καὶ τὸ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ κάλλος τοσοῦτον, ὅσον ἔτι καὶ νῦν ὀφθαλμοὶ μαρτυροῦσι. Περιελάμπετο δὲ ἀὴρ, μᾶλλον δὲ ἐγκεκραμένον ἑαυτῷ ὅλον διόλου εἶχε τὸ φῶς, ὀξείας τὰς διαδόσεις τῆς αὐγῆς ἐπὶ τὰ ὅρια ἑαυτοῦ πανταχοῦ παραπέμπων. Ἄνω μὲν γὰρ μέχρι πρὸς αὐτὸν αἰθέρα καὶ οὐρανὸν ἔφθανεν· ἐν δὲ τῷ πλάτει πάντα τὰ μέρη τοῦ κόσμου, βόρειά τε καὶ νότια καὶ τὰ ἑῷα καὶ τὰ ἑσπέρια, ἐν ὀξείᾳ καιροῦ ῥοπῇ κατεφώτιζε. Τοιαύτη γὰρ αὐτοῦ ἡ φύσις, λεπτὴ καὶ διαφανὴς, ὥστε μηδεμιᾶς παρα τάσεως χρονικῆς προσδεῖσθαι τὸ φῶς δι' αὐτοῦ πορευόμενον. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὰς ὄψεις ἡμῶν ἀχρόνως παραπέμπει πρὸς τὰ ὁρώμενα, οὕτω καὶ τὰς τοῦ φωτὸς προσβολὰς ἀκαριαίως, καὶ ὡς οὐδ' ἂν ἐπινοήσειέ τις ἐλάττονα χρόνου ῥοπὴν, ἐπὶ πάντα ἑαυτοῦ τὰ πέρατα ὑποδέχεται. Καὶ αἰθὴρ ἡδίων μετὰ τὸ φῶς· καὶ ὕδατα φανότερα, οὐ μόνον δεχόμενα τὴν αὐγὴν, ἀλλὰ καὶ παρ' ἑαυτῶν ἀντιπέμποντα κατὰ τὴν ἀνάκλασιν τοῦ φωτὸς, μαρμαρυγῶν πανταχόθεν ἀποπαλλομένων τοῦ ὕδατος. Πάντα ἡ θεία φωνὴ πρὸς τὸ ἥδιστον καὶ τιμιώτατον μετεσκεύασεν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ οἱ ἐν τῷ βυθῷ ἐνιέντες τὸ ἔλαιον, καταφάνειαν ἐμποιοῦσι τῷ τόπῳ· οὕτως ὁ ποιητὴς τῶν ὅλων ἐμφθεγξάμενος, τῷ κόσμῳ τὴν τοῦ φωτὸς χάριν ἀθρόως ἐνέθηκε. Γενηθήτω φῶς. Καὶ τὸ πρόσταγμα ἔργον ἦν· καὶ φύσις ἐγένετο, ἧς οὐδὲ ἐπινοῆσαί τι τερπνότερον εἰς ἀπόλαυσιν δυνατόν ἐστι λογισμοῖς ἀνθρωπίνοις. Ὅταν δὲ φωνὴν ἐπὶ Θεοῦ καὶ ῥῆμα καὶ πρόσταγμα λέγωμεν, οὐ διὰ φωνητικῶν ὀργάνων ἐκπεμπόμενον ψόφον, οὐδὲ ἀέρα διὰ γλώσσης τυπούμενον, τὸν θεῖον λόγον νοοῦμεν, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἐν τῷ θελήματι ῥοπὴν διὰ τὸ τοῖς διδασκομένοις εὐσύνοπτον ἡγούμεθα ἐν εἴδει προστάγματος σχηματίζεσθαι. Καὶ εἶδεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸ φῶς ὅτι καλόν. Τίνα ἂν εἴποιμεν ἡμεῖς τοῦ φωτὸς ἄξιον ἔπαινον, ὃ προλαβὸν τὴν παρὰ τοῦ κτίσαντος μαρτυρίαν, ἔχει ὅτι καλόν; Καὶ παρ' ἡμῖν δὲ ὁ λόγος τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς παρα πέμπει τὴν κρίσιν, οὕτως οὐδὲν ἔχων εἰπεῖν τοσοῦτον, ὅσον ἡ αἴσθησις μαρτυρεῖ προλαβοῦσα. Εἰ δὲ τὸ ἐν σώματι καλὸν ἐκ τῆς πρὸς ἄλληλα τῶν μερῶν συμμετρίας, καὶ τῆς ἐπιφαινομένης εὐχροίας, τὸ εἶναι ἔχει, πῶς ἐπὶ τοῦ φωτὸς ἁπλοῦ τὴν φύσιν ὄντος καὶ ὁμοιομεροῦς, ὁ τοῦ καλοῦ διασώζεται λόγος; Ἢ ὅτι τῷ φωτὶ τὸ σύμμετρον οὐκ ἐν τοῖς ἰδίοις αὐτοῦ μέρεσιν, ἀλλ' ἐν τῷ πρὸς τὴν ὄψιν ἀλύπῳ καὶ προσηνεῖ μαρτυρεῖται; Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ χρυσὸς καλὸς, οὐκ ἐκ τῆς τῶν μερῶν συμμετρίας, ἀλλ' ἐκ τῆς εὐχροίας μόνης, τὸ ἐπαγωγὸν πρὸς τὴν ὄψιν καὶ τὸ τερπνὸν κεκτη μένος.