Virgin Birth

Origen of Alexandria, Against Celsus 1.33

Origen of Alexandria · c. 185–c. 254 AD

If a soul, having become worthy by certain unspoken decrees, does not enter an entirely irrational body but neither does it enter a purely rational one, it might clothe itself in a monstrous body — one so malformed that reason cannot fully come to completion in it, with a head disproportionate to the rest of the body and conspicuously small. If that body proves too resistant, another of a different kind is taken up, so that the soul becomes somewhat more rational than before; and then still another, as the body's nature offers more or less resistance to reason's reception. Why, then, could there not be some soul that assumes a completely paradoxical body — one that shares enough with human bodies to live among people, yet possesses something exceptional so that the soul might remain untouched by evil? And if the claims of the physiognomists hold — whether Zopyrus or Loxus or Polemon or anyone else who wrote and promised to know something wonderful, teaching that all bodies correspond to the characters of souls — then the one about to sojourn paradoxically in life and to magnify it ought to have been given a body not as Celsus imagines, born from Panthera committing adultery and a virgin committing adultery. For from such a mingling it would have been necessary for a more senseless and harmful teacher of licentiousness, injustice, and the rest of evils to be born, not of sobriety, justice, and the rest of the virtues.

Greek

Εἰ γὰρ ἥδε μὲν ἡ ψυχὴ, κατά τινας ἀποῤῥήτους λόγους ἀξία γενομένη μὴ πάντῃ μὲν ἐν ἀλόγου γενέσθαι σώματι οὐ μὴν καὶ καθαρῶς ἐν λογικοῦ, ἐνδύεται σῶμα τερατῶδες, ὡς μηδὲ τὸν λόγον συμπληρωθῆναι δύνασθαι τῷ οὑτωσὶ γεγενημένῳ καὶ ἀσύμμετρον ἔχοντι τὴν κεφαλὴν τῷ λοιπῷ σώματι καὶ πάνυ βραχυτέραν, ἑτέρα δὲ τοιόνδε σῶμα ἀναλαμβάνει, ὡς ὀλίγῳ ἐκείνου γενέσθαι λογικωτέρα, καὶ ἄλλη ἔτι μᾶλλον, τῆς φύσεως τοῦ σώματος ἐπὶ πλεῖον ἢ ἐπ᾿ ἔλαττον ἀντιπραττούσης τῇ τοῦ λόγου ἀντιλήψει· διὰ τί οὐχὶ καὶ ψυχή τις ἔσται πάντῃ παράδοξον ἀναλαμβάνουσα σῶμα, ἔχον μέν τι κοινὸν πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, ἵνα καὶ συνδιατρῖψαι αὐτοῖς δυνηθῇ, ἔχον δέ τι καὶ ἐξαίρετον, ἵνα τῆς κακίας ἄγευστος ἡ ψυχὴ διαμεῖναι δυνηθῇ; ἐὰν δὲ καὶ τὰ τῶν φυσιογνωμονούντων κρατῇ. εἴτε Ζωπύρου εἴτε Λόξου εἴτε Πολέμωνος εἴτε οὕτινός ποτ᾿ οὖν τοιαῦτα γράψαντος καὶ ἐπαγγειλαμένου εἰδέναι τι θαυμαστὸν, οἰκεῖα τοῖς ἤθεσι τῶν ψυχῶν πάντ᾿ εἶναι τὰ σώματα, τῇ οὖν μελλούσῃ παραδόξως ἐπιδημεῖν τῷ βίῳ καὶ μεγαλοποιεῖν ἔδει γενέσθαι σῶμα (οὐχ) ὡς οἴεται Κέλσος, ἀπὸ Πανθήρα μοιχεύσαντος καὶ παρθένου μοιχευ θείσης (ἐκ γὰρ τοιούτων ἀνάγνων μίξεων ἔδει μᾶλλον ἀνόητόν τινα καὶ ἐπιβλαβῆ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις διδάσκαλον ἀκολασίας καὶ ἀδικίας καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν κακῶν γενέσθαι οὐχὶ δὲ σωφροσύνης καὶ δικαιοσύνης καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν ἀρετῶν).

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